Panic Buying   -    High volume buying brought about by sharp price increases.

Panic Selling   -   Wide-scale selling of an investment, causing a sharp decline in price. In most instances of panic selling, investors just want to get out of the investment, with little regard for the price at which they sell.

Paper Millionaire   -   An individual who has achieved a high net worth as a result of the large total market value of the assets he or she owns. This phenomenon usually occurs when investors buy marketable securities that are later bid up to much higher prices on the open market. While this creates large amounts of "paper profit", the paper millionaire's riches usually aren't safe until these holdings are liquidated.

P/E Ratio   -    A valuation ratio of a company's current share price compared to its per-share earnings.

Calculated as:

For example, if a company is currently trading at $43 a share and earnings over the last 12 months were $1.95 per share, the P/E ratio for the stock would be 22.05 ($43/$1.95).
EPS is usually from the last four quarters (trailing P/E), but sometimes it can be taken from the estimates of earnings expected in the next four quarters (projected or forward P/E). A third variation uses the sum of the last two actual quarters and the estimates of the next two quarters.
Also sometimes known as "price multiple" or "earnings multiple".

PIK   -   Payment In Kind. The use of a good or service as payment, instead of cash. Also known as "paid in-kind."  An example is when a company issues stock instead of paying a cash dividend, or issues debt instead of paying a coupon.

Ponzi Scheme   -   A Ponzi Scheme is an illegal investment scheme where original "investors" get paid returns based on new investors into the scheme and not from direct gains in whatever activity the perpetrator claims. Named after Mr Charles Ponzi, who claimed extraordinary returns based on FX dealing in the 1920's. More recently Bernard L. Madoff lost an estimated $50 billion of investor funds in a Ponzi Scheme.

Portfolio   -   A collection of securities owned by an investor.

Portfolio Turnover   -   A measure of how frequently assets within a fund are bought and sold by the managers. Portfolio turnover is calculated by taking either the total amount of new securities purchased or the amount of securities sold - whichever is less - over a particular period, divided by the total net asset value (NAV) of the fund. The measurement is usually reported for a 12-month time period.

Price Swap Derivative   -   An obligation made by one company to secure the declining value of another company's assets through the commitment of shares.

Propriety Trading   -   A bank trading on its own behalf, in a hope of making a profit on its own capital.

Public Company   -   A company whose shares are offered for sale on the Stock Exchange.